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index of lagging indicators - translation to russian
![[[Diamond]]s have a very high refractive index of 2.417.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brillanten.jpg?width=200 "[[Diamond]]s have a very high refractive index of 2.417.")
![A [[calcite]] crystal laid upon a paper with some letters showing [[double refraction]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Calcite.jpg?width=200 "A [[calcite]] crystal laid upon a paper with some letters showing [[double refraction]]")
![power]] of a [[magnifying glass]] is determined by the shape and refractive index of the lens.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lupa.na.encyklopedii.jpg?width=200 "power]] of a [[magnifying glass]] is determined by the shape and refractive index of the lens.")
![Birefringent materials can give rise to colors when placed between crossed polarizers. This is the basis for [[photoelasticity]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plastic Protractor Polarized 05375.jpg?width=200 "Birefringent materials can give rise to colors when placed between crossed polarizers. This is the basis for [[photoelasticity]].")
![[[Refraction]] of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with ''n''<sub>2</sub> > ''n''<sub>1</sub>. Since the [[phase velocity]] is lower in the second medium (''v''<sub>2</sub> < ''v''<sub>1</sub>), the angle of refraction ''θ''<sub>2</sub> is less than the angle of incidence ''θ''<sub>1</sub>; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Snells law.svg?width=200 "[[Refraction]] of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with ''n''<sub>2</sub> > ''n''<sub>1</sub>. Since the [[phase velocity]] is lower in the second medium (''v''<sub>2</sub> < ''v''<sub>1</sub>), the angle of refraction ''θ''<sub>2</sub> is less than the angle of incidence ''θ''<sub>1</sub>; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.")
![The colors of a [[soap bubble]] are determined by the [[optical path length]] through the thin soap film in a phenomenon called [[thin-film interference]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soap bubble sky.jpg?width=200 "The colors of a [[soap bubble]] are determined by the [[optical path length]] through the thin soap film in a phenomenon called [[thin-film interference]].")
![A [[split-ring resonator]] array arranged to produce a negative index of refraction for [[microwaves]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Split-ring resonator array 10K sq nm.jpg?width=200 "A [[split-ring resonator]] array arranged to produce a negative index of refraction for [[microwaves]]")
![In [[optical mineralogy]], [[thin section]]s are used to study rocks. The method is based on the distinct refractive indices of different [[mineral]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thin section scan crossed polarizers Siilinjärvi R636-105.90.jpg?width=200 "In [[optical mineralogy]], [[thin section]]s are used to study rocks. The method is based on the distinct refractive indices of different [[mineral]]s.")
![Thomas Young]] coined the term ''index of refraction''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas Young (scientist).jpg?width=200 "Thomas Young]] coined the term ''index of refraction''.")
![[[Total internal reflection]] can be seen at the air-water boundary.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas.jpg?width=200 "[[Total internal reflection]] can be seen at the air-water boundary.")
![Light of different colors has slightly different refractive indices in water and therefore shows up at different positions in the [[rainbow]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WhereRainbowRises.jpg?width=200 "Light of different colors has slightly different refractive indices in water and therefore shows up at different positions in the [[rainbow]].")
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Definition
Wikipedia
The Conference Board Leading Economic Index is an American economic leading indicator intended to forecast future economic activity. It is calculated by The Conference Board, a non-governmental organization, which determines the value of the index from the values of ten key variables. These variables have historically turned downward before a recession and upward before an expansion. The per cent change year over year of the Leading Economic Index is a lagging indicator of the market directions.
A Federal Reserve Bank of New York report What Predicts U.S. Recessions? uses each component of the Conference Board's Leading Economic Index. That report said that the indicators signal peaks and troughs in the business cycle, and the aggregate index has been shown to drop ahead of recessions and rise before expansions.
Revisions to The Conference Board Leading Economic Index effective with the January 26, 2012 release began using the new Leading Credit Index ... etc.
- The United States Department of Labor’s monthly report on the unemployment rate, average hourly earnings and the average workweek hours from the Employment Situation report
- The United States Department of Labor’s weekly report on first-time claims for state unemployment insurance
- The United States Census Bureau’s monthly consumer goods and materials report from the Preliminary Report on Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders
- The United States Census Bureau’s monthly non-defense capital goods report from the Preliminary Report on Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders
- The United States Census Bureau’s monthly report on building permits from the Housing Starts and Building Permits report
- The difference (spread) between the interest rates of 10-year United States Treasury notes and the federal funds rate
- The Federal Reserve's inflation-adjusted measure of the M2 money supply
- The Institute for Supply Management’s monthly ISM Index of Manufacturing including: supplier deliveries, imports, production, inventories, new orders, new export orders, order backlogs, prices and employment.
- The S&P 500
- The University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index's consumer expectations
